From Independence to Reconstruction



With approximately thirteen million people, an area almost twice the size of Texas, Angola has been blessed by an abundance of natural resources: oil platform in the sea, fishing on the coasts, fertile land and mineral reserves.

The peace has become a reality in Angola since 2002, when it ended the civil war that lasted twenty-seven years, which began with the independence of the former Portuguese colony in 1975. With a stable republic for five years, the nation undertook a journey complicated and extensive to enable today, in terms of major economic and geopolitical analysts of the world, this country is emerging as quoted to take the lead, in the long term, of Central and Southern part of Africa, including the Gulf of Guinea.

In order to accomplish the objectives of transforming this country in a “stability pole” in Africa, Angola should: rebuild its infrastructure, to concretize unification of development of all parts of the country, focusing on industrialization, including agriculture for generation of employment, increasing of income and reducing poverty; prioritize the non-oil sectors, so that the economy became less volatile to changes on the international scene, developing human resources through education and training, and cultivate international relations, which enable an integration of efforts for stability and reconstruction. The good news is that all these issues are being addressed in a concrete and objective way by the government, which enables the analysis of the development of the country in a constructive and positive view.

It is important to emphasize that the reality of this process and the basis for a future democratic and promising in Angola, will be the parliamentary elections in 2008 and presidential in 2009, as confirmed by the current President of the Republic José Eduardo dos Santos.



ECONOMY

Angola has been the focus of attention of the international community especially the high rates of annual growth of GDP. In 2005, growth was 19%, followed, 2006 where the result was 16%, and in the year 2007 the International Monetary Fund predicts that the country will reach 31.4% annual growth of its GDP, placing Angola in the position of the fastest growing economy in the world.

Most of these results are still driven by mining sectors (diamonds) and oil, in addition to forecasts indicating that only the non-oil sectors will grow 11.4% in 2007. Diversification of the economy is a reality that besides necessary, it is understandable in all regions of the country and ultimately contributes to these high rates of growth.

In 2003, the Central Bank of Angola held a program for the stabilization of the exchange value of the country's currency, the Kwanza, which used its foreign exchange reserves to buy the national currency out of circulation. This program, together with the strengthening of oil exports, had a catalytic effect on the reduction of inflation, thus was possible to verify a drop of 325% in 2000 to only 13% in 2006, and the forecast is that this index come to 2% in 2009.



MAIN SECTORS

Oil

Angola is the second largest producer of oil in sub-Saharan Africa, leaving behind only Nigeria, and currently extracts 1.5 million barrels per day from its rich and vast offshore reserves. The production represents 52% of the GDP of the country. The continuity of exploration of the oil reserves offshore, it is making possible to find new reserves with greater ease than the old oil exploration fields are being extinguished. As a result of these frequent discoveries, Angola is in the third position in the world ranking of new discoveries of oil, behind Iran and Saudi Arabia. In January 2007, Angola formally acceded to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which emphasized its increasingly important role in the world energy system.



Mining

Diamonds: Angola was the fifth largest producer of diamonds in the world in 2006 and the world's leading geologists estimate that the alluvial reserves of diamonds of Angola alluvial can totalize 130 million carats, which worth billions of dollars.

With substantial deposits of gold, iron, phosphates, manganese, copper, lead, quartz, gypsum, marble, black granite, beryl, zinc and many strategic minerals, Angola has been described as one of the greatest treasures among the world's developing countries.



FISHERIES

VIDEO: Januario Marra, Ministry of Tourism of Angola
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There is a great potential for growth in this sector, given the need for distribution networks of fresh, frozen, dried and salted fish; networks of cold, cold stores and fish shops. The investments in the sector would increase the production capacity that could supply even the foreign market.



INFRA-STRUCTURE

The country has been seriously destroyed by the war and this perception is clear when we look, for example, the roads of the country. The government is promoting projects to complete the major routes and roads and ensure the operability of the main lines of communication and access to key provinces of the country.

The civil construction sector is one of the fastest growing in Angolan economy and it is possible to see this reality in the day-to-day in the country where everywhere are public and private buildings being built by companies of various nationalities, including international business consortium.



PRIVATE FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

The government conducted a responsible job, with the clear goal of achieving market opening of Angola to the receipt of private foreign investments.

Through the "Basic Law of the Private Investment No. 11/03 of 01 April 2003" its possible to affirm that there is a legal structure that through various programs of incentives encourages the attraction of foreign capital in the country. The government prioritized some sectors to receive these incentives: agriculture, fishing, processing industry, construction, health, education, infrastructure (road, rail, port and airport), telecommunications, energy, water and heavy equipment.

The system of incentives for private foreign investment was divided into zones (A, B and C), according to the needs of each locality, and how they were affected by the war. In the first phase, it is possible exemption from customs tariffs, taxes and industrial capital gain rates. Where possible, in the second phase receive extra incentives through bonuses, such as exemption from industrial taxes for a period greater than 10 years and spending investments be considered costs for the company.



USA – ANGOLA RELATIONS

The success or failure of Angola, in the passage of nearly thirty years of war to peace and democracy, has consequences for the stability of oil supply for the United States and for stability in Central and Southern Africa.

In the period of 2002 to 2006, exports of Angola to the United States increased by 375% and imports increased 415%. With 40% of total exports directed to the United States, this country has become the main trading partner of Angola today.

With a world economy increasingly integrated, investors have a variety of places where to invest and Angola is generally seen as a place to be avoided. However, Asians, Europeans and Latin Americans investors have hesitated much less than the Americans, and already are presented as cases of success.